California Bar Essay Samples

California Bar Essay SamplesThere are plenty of Bar Essay samples to choose from when you want to write one. These samples can be free for those who have already taken the test, or they can be paid, but here are a few you might want to consider.The first is the free online site. They have examples and more than twenty California essays to choose from. The site will give you lots of writing samples to choose from, and it will help you learn the content of your exam. For those who take the test, they will get some information about the exams, as well as how to practice if you need to.If you are taking your own exams, the California site is really good because you can practice with it and you can use it to learn the format of the exam. That is why you will need to pay to get the full report, so that you can see what you should and shouldn't do, and where you can get some help if you need it.Another online site, which you might not know about, is the 'California Prep'. It also has a webs ite that you can use if you like, but there is one thing that you have to consider if you plan on using it, and that is the payment it charges.They charge a fee, but the fee is a flat fee. If you need a report with plenty of sample California essays, that is $200, but if you just need one or two, then you are fine.When you get paid for your writing samples, you will get the scores from your state bar exam and the entire report. You can find out if your score is average, good, or poor. This is very important because the better you do on the test, the higher you will become in the court system, which could mean better pay, better benefits, or anything else you might want.There are a lot of online sites you can choose from. Some are free, and you might even want to try one, but in the end, it is up to you.

Literary Devices Used in the Things They Carried Essay

Literary Devices Used In The Things They Carried By: Tom Vennemann The Things They Carried by Tim OBrien expresses the importance of a story-truth, as opposed to a happening-truth by use of literary elements in his writing. The novel is about war and the guilt it leaves on everyone involved in the war. Story-truth is not exactly what happened, but uses part of the truth and part made up in order to express the truth of what emotion was felt, which an important thematic element in the novel is. The three literary devices he uses to express this are diction, imagery, juxtaposition, and hyperbole. All of these elements allow the reader to identify emotion that is expressed in each story, as though that were the complete truth. OBriens†¦show more content†¦Usage of imagery in The Things They Carried is what introduces a reader to the emotion that was felt by OBrien. In this novel, imagery goes hand in hand with repetition. In The Man I Killed, OBrien is constantly repeating the image of the boy that he killed in his mind, which allows the reader to get a clear view of the boy. This is only a story-truth, it is true to the reader because that is simply what we are told to picture. Imagery is important because it describes the setting and place, and what importance that played in the big picture of O’Brien’s war. Even though it is not the exact truth, it expressed truth in the form of emotion. The emotion that his images create in us is similar to the emotion that OBrien felt at the time of the event. The exaggeration that OBrien expresses in his story, also known as hyperbole, gives the reader a feeling of speaking with a man that just experienced the war of his life an hour before you two are speaking. The emotion isShow MoreRelatedEssay about Literary Techniques in The Things They Carried1276 Words   |  6 PagesA literary technique is a device employed in literature to add depth to a writer’s work. These techniques can be obvious, such as the technique of rhyme in a poem, or subtle, such as juxtaposition, which can go unnoticed by the reader. In The Things They Carried, Tim O’Brien uses many such techniques to provide more depth to his book. Four literary techniques used by Tim O’Brien are symbolism, pathetic fallacy, irony, and juxtaposition. One literary technique prominent in The Things They CarriedRead MoreStory of an Hour848 Words   |  4 PagesStory of an Hour Kate Chopin s the Story of an Hour includes a vast amount of literary devices. Irony, foreshadowing, personification, imagery, symbolism, metaphor and repetition are some of the major literary techniques used by Chopin within this short story about a woman named Mrs. Mallard. Although the story covers only one hour in the life of the main character, the use of these various literary techniques present the theme of the story to the reader in a very entertaining manner. TheRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien999 Words   |  4 Pagesstory â€Å"The Things They Carried† by Tim O’Brien used many different types of literary devices. Imagery is used to illustrate the war in a descriptive way. Figurative and literal language is used to describe the things that the soldiers carried with them; physically and emotionally. Some of the things that the soldiers carried with them were symbols of luck. Personification was used when mentioning these good lucks symbols and it was also used to describe the dead. Alliteration was used in the shortRead MoreFiction Analysis Essay710 Words   |  3 PagesAnalysis There are many ways to supplement a story in order to add lucidity. It is done through literary devices and Tim OBriens The Things They Carried is no different. The Things They Carried is a narrative about a soldier at war in Vietnam. However, this story provides multiple layers of meaning through OBriens tone and style that help the reader further understand it. Both of these literary devices are embedded in the story and gradually help define it. To begin with, OBrien writes thisRead MoreThe Importance of Metafiction as a Literary Device in the Things They Carried867 Words   |  4 Pageshistory in which some great pieces of fiction were created. The Things They Carried, by Tim OBrien is a great example of one of these pieces of fiction. A big part of this novel was OBriens theme of metafiction. Metafiction is a type of fiction that self-consciously addresses the devices of fiction. This in another sense means that metafiction is the act of writing about writing. This literary device is used in The Things They Carried, as OBriens method to systematically remind his readers thatRead MoreTheme Of Violence In The Minefield1395 Words   |  6 PagesViolence is an incredibly fearful and traumatizing thing that is in many places of the world. Both Turner and Thiel explore the theme that violence through the use of various literary devices, such as imagery, repetition, and tragedy in their poems. The Hurt Locker by Brian Turner, and The Minefield by Diane Thiel. I believe that the poems are similar in theme because of the way they are written and what they both talk about. Both Turner and Tiel use imagery to convey the mutual theme of violenceRead MoreAnalysis Of The Limerence Of Martha 1170 Words   |  5 Pageswhat they represent. They know tragedy, loyalty, and. This comparison between two characters is also common amongst many previous novels, novellas, and short stories. A foil is defined as, by Literary Devices, â€Å"qualities that are in contrast with the qualities of another character,† but it can also be used as comparisons. A few comparisons, from William Shakespeare, are Macbeth and Banquo in the play The Tragedy of Macbeth and Laertes, Claudius, and Fortinbras in the play Hamlet. In The Tragedy ofRead MoreThe Writing Style of Khaled Hosseini in A Thousand Splendid Suns1349 Words   |  6 PagesThe writing style of Khaled Hosseini in A Thousand Splendid Suns is both sympathetic and disgusted. He feels pity on those that bear the burden of the war. He shows this mostly through the use of two major literary devices: Symbolism and I magery. These two literary devices impact the reader because it gives a deeper insight and understanding of the pain and fear these characters were forced into dealing with every day. An example of how Hosseini feels disgusted and sympathetic is when one of theRead MoreBook of Sand906 Words   |  4 Pageshad bought the book, he began investigating. He noted down things in the book. He began losing sleep from the investigation and when he actually got sleep, his dreams were about the book. As it states in the short story, â€Å"At night, during the rare intervals spared me by insomnia, I dreamed of the book†. He had grown an obsession with the book, which altered his lifestyle and forced him to hide the book in the library. 2. The literary device that the author uses to compare the book and himself toRead MoreRalph Waldo Emersons Concord Hymn819 Words   |  3 Pageshistory. Ralph Waldo Emerson experienced a lot of grief and tragedy early on in his life that carried on until he died in 1882. He unfortunately lost his father when he was eight, and soon after all three of his loving brothers passed away. This greatly influenced the way that Emerson acted and wrote as a young child. Emerson changed the literary world through his use of imagery and symbolism. He used both of these terms to perfection, and this really captivated the reader. He loved to talk about

Essay on The Sounds of Rebel Without a Cause - 898 Words

Director Nicholas Ray was lucky to have a talented composer create an original score for Rebel Without A Cause. Leonard Rosenman was born in 1924 and studied music in New York and Europe. His work as a film composer and arranger is very traditional, and has been regarded by some music critics as insignificant. However, Rosenman received Academy Awards and Oscar nominations for his work. Along with film scores, Rosenman wrote theme music and scores for numerous television shows. The score in Rebel Without A Cause is much like another film starring James Dean, East of Eden. The sounds and music in this film are very realistic, and to the point. There is not anything abstract or out of place, and everything is very appropriate. The†¦show more content†¦Later on in the day, after a field trip to the local planetarium, Jim meets a group of kids that are troublemakers and want to fight with him. As a conversation begins, music also begins in the background, yet quickly changes when the gang wants trouble. The music becomes fast, louder, and more suspenseful. The style of mickeymousing, type of score [that] uses music as a literal equivalent to the image (Giannetti, 231), was also used in this same scene. Jim and the character of Buzz are fighting each other with knives, and at every jab of the knife the music changes and becomes more dramatic and even more suspenseful. It is said that, music can serve as a kind of overture to suggest the mood or spirit of the film as a whole (Giannetti, 233). Later on, James Deans character is asking his father for advice, and the music becomes quiet, slow and mysterious. Another scene where the score plays a vital role in the atmosphere is during an argument with Jim and his parents. Jim and his father are yelling, and when Jim grabs his father as if to hit him, the music turns scary and very intense. Along with background music, sound effects play more of a role on the way we feel than many moviegoers think, and although the function of sound effects is primarily atmospheric, they can also be precise sources of meaning in film (Giannetti, 225). When theShow MoreRelatedRebel Without A Cause By Nicholas Ray1004 Words   |  5 Pages Rebel Without a Cause (Nicholas Ray, 1955) is a film of the coming of age genre. The film depicts troubled teenagers looking for answers and contemplating about their lives. Rebel Without a Cause showcases the coming of age genre perfectly. The genre is showcased throughout the entire film by showcasing the teenager’s issues, worries about being a teenager, and troubled lives at home. Furthermore, the film heavily focuses on the issues of how the teenagers aren’t loved, given attention, or understoodRead MoreDystopian Society In 1984 By George Orwell, And Harrison Bergeron846 Words   |  4 Pagesmostly controlled by a mean and power hungry leader which makes it hard for the citizens grow, themselves and have their own thoughts.Some of the citizens don’t really know they are being controlled and others are wide awake but scared to speak up and rebel against this power hungry leaders. The works â€Å"1984 by George Orwell, â€Å"Brave New world by Aldous Huxle y, and Harrison Bergeron† by Kurt Vonnegut all have dystopian elements with varying degrees of sacrifice and gain. In general dystopian societies offerRead MoreA Philosophy of Change957 Words   |  4 PagesMany times, in response to my views on various contemporary issues, especially on this media, many worthy critics have questioned what I believe in. One has even branded me a rebel without cause. I must confess that some of these criticism have been perplexing. I have on some occasions wondered whether or not some of these people have been unfair to my innocent views. But be that as it may, I am happy that more often than not, criticisms - whether positive and negative - have provided me withRead MoreThe Super Bowl Xvii Essay1049 Words   |  5 Pagesand cold. They all marched forward in perfect unison. In this dreary dystopia, only the sound of a single voice can be heard. The voice of an all-powerful and all-seeing tyrant. His ominous face loomed over a gigantic screen. A woman surged forward—an army of strongmen ran after her in pursuit—and relinquished a sledgehammer onto the projection. In this single moment the launch of a revolution began. Without ever showing the audience their product, the Mackintosh computer, Apple is able to masterfullyRead MoreThe Problem Of A Healthy Community1311 Words   |  6 Pagespleasure sinks into the pit of my stomach. 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In the movie Rebel Without a Cause, Jim has conflicting morals with his father, and he finds out many things about what it means to be a man. Holden and Jim are different because Holden is unable to demonstrate growth from advice and doesn’t listen to possible mentors becauseRead MoreConflict Termination Outcomes And Recurrence1481 Words   |  6 Pagesdifficult to recur the war (Roy Licklider, 1995). According to this vision in a negotiated settlement scenario is very likely that rebels use the establishment of those instruments to recover their strength in order to get back to an even more intensive war; whereas in a military victory scenario, the losing side is not going to be able to come b ack to fight and cause new episodes of violence. Another author that coincides with this perspective is Licklider, who analyses a data set of 91 civil warsRead MoreCulture and Music Essay921 Words   |  4 Pagestime as well. Well-dressed men and flapper girls swarmed speakeasies in search of music, liquor and a good time. Mainstream America looked down on these rebels. They were often thought of as no good young people with loose morals and no respect for authority. Little did mainstream America know, however, exactly how important those few rebels were during the roaring Twenties and how their actions helped mold musical societies for the rest of the millennium. While guns were blazing and ships

Economic Policy and Industrial Relations - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Economic Policy and Industrial Relations. Answer: Introduction In the contemporary global framework, apart from the existing predominant economies, several new economies are making their mark as immensely progressive ones, with attributes like high economic growth, industrial and commercial expansion and overall improvement in the standard of living of the residents of the concerned economies. This has been especially true for several South East Asian countries, which have been in limelight in the recent decades for their impressive development, of which one of the primary one is the economy of Malaysia (Jomo, 2016). With an annual GDP of almost 0.816 trillion USD and a high GDP growth rate of almost 6.2% (2017), the country is the third largest economy in South East Asia and has managed to be the thirty fifth largest economy in the global framework. The country is popular for a highly competitive and productive economy, efficient labor market, technological and manufacturing success as well as knowledge based industries. All these attributes of the economy of the country attracts immense global attention and investments over the years (Athukorala, 2012). However, this economic growth of the country can be attributed to several economic phenomena which the country experienced over the past years, which with their positive as well as negative implications have helped immensely in shaping up the economy of the country as it is today (Hatta Ali, 2013). One of such economic phenomena which had significant implications on the country is that of the New Economic Policy, which came into action in the country in 1971 and continued till 1990, being of the nature of affirmative type of policy. The concerned report tries to emphasize on the New Economic Policy of the country, its effects on the economy, the positive and negative implications it had. It also compares and contrasts the same with the similar affirmative policy taken in countries like South Africa, in the later sections (Lee, 2012). The New Economic Policy: Malaysia As discussed above, the government of Malaysia implemented the New Economic Policy in the country, with the Second Malaysia Plan in 1971 and this policy remained in operation till the Fifth Malaysia Plan (1990). The policy was implemented keeping into consideration three main long term socio-economic welfare objectives which are as follows: To achieve and maintain the unity, integrity and harmony in the national domain To reform and restructure the socio-economic standards prevailing in the country To increase the welfare of the residents of the country by minimizing their poverty and income inequality (Segawa, 2013) The policy which was undertaken by the government of Malaysia consists of two types of strategies, which aimed in reducing the poverty of the indigenous residents of the country as far as possible and also to put an end to the racial discrimination and unequal distribution of wealth and other facilities based on racial identification. To achieve an overall high standard of living for the Malaysians, the main aim of the policy was to improve the economic status of the same by helping them to gain easier access to land, training facilities, capital and other facilities which they are entitled to (Gomez Saravanamuttu, 2013). To understand the need for such a policy in the highly developing economy of Malaysia, it is of immense importance to know about the history of the societal and economic, as well as political history of the country which laid the ground for the need of the implementation of the NEP in Malaysia. The history and the causal factors for the implementation of the same are discussed in the following section of the report. History of the New Economic Policy in Malaysia The roots of the New Economic Policy in Malaysia lie in the periods as early as sixteenth century. Over the last few centuries the country has experienced immense economic prosperity and political and societal stability which attracted huge number of people across the world to migrate in the country for a better life and economic prosperity. These populations of immigrants were significantly composed of the Chinese and Indian migrants (Andaya Andaya, 2016). The Chinese mainly started migrating to Malaysia after the Portuguese captured Malacca. Migrations of Indians as well as Chinese increased even more during the period of British Colonial Rule. The main reason behind this extensive immigration of the Chinese and Indians was the poor quality of life of these people in their countries under the autocratic rule of the British and the search for a better life with better economic and social prospects. The increasingly developing economy of Malaysia attracted these people in huge numbe rs (Aziz, 2012). During that period, the indigenous population and the local residents of Malaysia, mainly known as Malays or the Bumiputera mainly engaged themselves in agricultural or agro-based activities for the purpose of sustenance and economic progress and they mainly lived in the rural areas of the country. The Chinese, on the other hand, who migrated in the country in search of better economic prospects, engaged mainly in industrial and commercial activities in the country while the Indians emphasized on the estate sectors, thereby developing these sectors of the country immensely and bringing in immense economic progress for the country as well as for themselves in the succeeding periods (Epu.gov.my, 2018). However, this economic progress led to a segregation between the Malays living in rural areas and operating in the agricultural sector and the Chinese immigrants who were based in the urban and more developed areas and who primarily enjoyed the fruits of commercial success of the country , thereby leading to the creation of a better standard of living for the latter over the formers (Idrus, 2017). The distribution of wealth in the country became even more skewed post the independence in 1957, with the major share of economic prosperity flowing towards the Chinese population of the country, thereby depriving the original residents of the country, known as Bumiputera or the Malays. This in turn led to the creation of a situation of abject poverty and inequality which was ethnicity based. The problem was even more acute in the Peninsular Malaysia, where the monthly household income of the Malays were as low as RM276 (During 1970) and that of the Chinese population ranged as high as RM632 which was more than double of the former. The increasing unequal distribution of wealth among the different ethnicities of the country led to the creation of immense unrest among the different ethnic groups, especially the Malays as they in spite of being the original residents of the country were deprived of the privileges and economic welfare in the country. These huge ethnic tensions led to immense outburst within the country in the form of a massive riot in 1969, which took lives of hundreds of residents of the country. This gave rise to the need for major rectifications of the policy structure of the country among the policy makers and the government officials of the country, which in turn led to the development and implementation of the New Economic Policy in Malaysia in 1970. An affirmative action policy The term Affirmative action policy refers to those steps or measures taken by the governing authorities of a country which tries to favor and increase the welfare of those section of people in the society who have been suffering for a prolonged period due to the discriminations and unequal flow of privileges coming for them. In this context, the New Economic Policy, taken by the government of Malaysia can be termed as one of the most significant policies of affirmative nature (Noor Leong, 2013). This is because the main objective of the policy was to eradicate the unfair discrimination happening against the Malays and Bumiputera of the country in terms of lack of privileges, unequal distribution of wealth, comparatively lower standard of living and less prospered economic scenario, which also affected the other sphere of life of the same. Apart from providing the Malays with easier access to resources, skill development and public welfare services, the NEP was also designed to creat e a fairer distribution of opportunities for the Malays to participate in the different economic activities in which they were not seen to participate earlier. Due to the presence of acute poverty and inequality among the Malays, they were mostly deprived from other amenities of life in many spheres which includes the provision of proper education, skill building, employment and overall standard of living among these people. The Malays being confined to only subsistence agriculture before the implementation of the NEP, the policy also aimed to take them out of that confinement by providing government assistance to the same in the following aspects: Developing skills to find sustainable and quality employment for themselves Acquiring ownership in the different sectors of the economy which were previously under the control of Non-Malaysian population Participating more and more in the different economic activities in the country thereby strengthening their own position and increasing their economic and overall welfare. The primary targets of this affirmative action policy was to reduce the overall poverty in the country to 16.7% by the year 1990 and to increase the share of capital in the hands of the Bumiputera to 30% from 2.4% and to decrease the same for the foreigners to 30% from 63.3% (CHO, 2016). Results of the implementation of the NEP: Malaysia: Critical Evaluation The implementation of the NEP in the country had huge positive implications on the economy which was seen in the progress of the economy as a whole. However, there were several adverse effects of the implementation of the same too, which are discussed as follows: Success of the NEP a) Overall reduction of poverty- The policy succeeded noticeably in reducing the poverty level in the country for not only the Malays but also for all the other ethnic groups by significantly decreasing the number of people living below the poverty line from as high as more than 50% in 1970 to a strikingly low 3.8% by 2009. Figure 1: Benchmarks achieved by the NEP over the years in different aspects of economic welfare (Source: Dl6.globalstf.org, 2018) b) Restructuring of the economy- As is evident from the above figure, the overall economic pattern in the country significantly changed with the implementation of the New Economic Policy. While the share of ownership of wealth of the Bumiputera increased significantly from 2.4% to as high as 19.3%, along with the increase in the same for the Chinese, Indians and others surpassing the goals, the share of the same decreased significantly for the foreigners (33.9%), thereby indicating towards a more equitable distribution of wealth among the different ethnicities among the country (Gomez Saravanamuttu, 2013). c) Restoring national unity- The reduction in the inequality among the different ethnicities of the country not only increased the overall welfare quotient of the same but also helped in reduction of the tensions among the different ethnic groups, thereby restoring the national unity and stability in the country. d) Creation of Middle Class- The NEP by redistributing the wealth efficiently across different ethnic groups of the country, led to the creation of proper middle class in the country, which also significantly consisted of the Bumiputeras and the Malays. Thus, the success of the NEP in the country was multi-dimensional with the increase in the welfare and reduction of tensions across the different ethnic groups of the country. However, there were several aspects of the policy which did not work well for several sectors of the economy: Failures of the NEP One of the primary failures of this otherwise significant policy was that it failed to address several sections of the society, especially the Non-Bumiputeras, who were also suffering from the same problems as the former. This includes the rural estate based Indians, who fell as outliers of the policy and are still reeling under the pressure of poverty and inequality. The empirical evidences show that though there was a huge increase in the share of wealth of the Non-Bumiputeras (46.8%) under NEP, of this almost 44.9% belonged to that of the Chinese population with only 1% getting accrued to the Indians (Tan, 2012). Another adverse impact of the policy was the creation of the notion of the presence of two different ethnicities in the country and a sense of difference among the population, which may hamper the social stability of the country. Also in a hurried quest to increase the economic welfare of the Malays, the policy failed to take into account the need for increase in the skills, knowledge levels and cultural integration, which are required for a health and long term sustainable society (Lin Rosenblatt, 2012). Political Implications of the NEP The implementation of the NEP not only affected the economic aspects of the country but also has its implications on the political dynamics of the country. The Malaysian politicians being allowed to hold business posts along with their political responsibilities, the introduction of the NEP led to the emergence of huge money politics in the country. The NEP particularly benefitted the elite classes in all the ethnic groups who enjoyed strong ties with the politically influencing personnel bestowed with the duty of proper redistribution of wealth and other privileges, thereby creating a disproportionate distribution of wealth among the different sections of Malay as well. The countries privatization under NEP was a cause of foreign debt in the country due to the deliberate fund embezzlement by several corrupt politicians who taking advantage of their political power, allowance to participate in business and lack of management and discipline in the political situation of the country (F orbes.com, 2018). However, the implementation of NEP, in spite of its shortcomings, helped in creating a middle class and bringing in open economic operations in a more or less stable political environment. Employment Equity Act: South Africa The NEP of Malaysia can be compared with the Employment Equity Act in South Africa which was implemented in 1998, with the objective of providing more access to employment for some designated groups, including women of colors, people with disabilities and Indian people. Under this act, the qualified and designated people are expected to get equal chances in all the job categories. The policy, though being similar to that of the NEP, is far more targeted than the latter as it targets the employment sector only. However, the implications of the same have not been that farfetched like that of the NEP as the same is more recent than the latter. However, the action did help in creating employment prospects for the otherwise discriminated ethnic and racial groups in the country (Labour.gov.za, 2018). Conclusion From the above discussion it can be asserted that the NEP in Malaysia, being one of the most widespread affirmative policies, had immense implications on the economy of Malaysia, both positive and negative, with the positive aspects being greater. It helped in restructuring the economy, increasing the overall welfare and eradicating the overall poverty in the country. However, some of the sections of the society remained unattended thereby hampering their welfare, which in turn leaves the scope of improvement of the policy framework in the country in the future periods. References Andaya, B. W., Andaya, L. Y. (2016).A history of Malaysia. Palgrave Macmillan. Athukorala, P. C. (2012). The Malaysian economy during three crises.Malaysias Development Challenges: Graduating from the Middle, 83-105. Aziz, R. A. (2012). New Economic Policy and the Malaysian multiethnic middle class.Asian Ethnicity,13(1), 29-46. CHO, Y. M. (2016). A study on the origins of ethnic conflict and settlement process in Malaysia: the effect of the New Economic Policy on Chinese Malaysians. Dl6.globalstf.org. (2018).The New Economic Policy (1970 1990) in Malaysia: The Economic and Political Perspectives.Dl6.globalstf.org. Retrieved 8 January 2018, from https://dl6.globalstf.org/index.php/jlss/article/viewFile/520/537 Epu.gov.my (2018).New Economic Policy. [online] Laman Web Rasmi Unit Perancang Ekonomi. Available at: https://www.epu.gov.my/en/development-policies/new-economic-policy [Accessed 8 Jan. 2018]. Forbes.com. (2018).Forbes Welcome.Forbes.com. Retrieved 8 January 2018, from https://www.forbes.com/2009/05/06/malaysia-politics-economy-business-oxford Gomez, E. T., Saravanamuttu, J. (2013).The New Economic Policy in Malaysia: Affirmative action, ethnic inequalities and social justice. NUS Press. Gomez, E. T., Saravanamuttu, J. (2013).The New Economic Policy in Malaysia: Affirmative action, ethnic inequalities and social justice. NUS Press. Hatta, Z. A., Ali, I. (2013). Poverty reduction policies in Malaysia: Trends, strategies and challenges.Asian Culture and History,5(2), 48. Idrus, D. (2017). New Economic Policy and the Birth of Malaysias Own Industrial Relations System.Jurnal Kemanusiaan,1(1). Jomo, K. S. (2016).Growth and structural change in the Malaysian economy. Springer. Labour.gov.za. (2018).Basic Guide to Affirmative Action Department of Labour.Labour.gov.za. Retrieved 8 January 2018, from https://www.labour.gov.za/DOL/legislation/acts/basic-guides/basic-guide-to-affirmative-action Lee, H. A. (2012). Affirmative action in Malaysia: Education and employment outcomes since the 1990s.Journal of Contemporary Asia,42(2), 230-254. Lin, J. Y., Rosenblatt, D. (2012). Shifting patterns of economic growth and rethinking development.Journal of Economic Policy Reform,15(3), 171-194. Noor, N. M., Leong, C. H. (2013). Multiculturalism in Malaysia and Singapore: contesting models.International Journal of Intercultural Relations,37(6), 714-726. Segawa, N. (2013). Affirmative action and nation building in Malaysia: The future of Malay preferential policies.African and Asian Studies,12(3), 189-214. Tan, J. (2012). The pitfalls of water privatization: failure and reform in Malaysia.World Development,40(12), 2552-2563.